How does GMO technology work?

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are created using biotechnology techniques that involve the modification of an organism's genetic makeup; GMOs have been used to produce a wide range of products, including crops, animals, and medicines.

This can be done in a number of ways, including:

1. Inserting a gene from one organism into another: This is done using a process called recombinant DNA technology, which involves cutting and splicing the DNA of one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another. For example, scientists can insert a gene from a bacteria that produces a protein toxic to insects into a plant, which makes the plant resistant to insects.

2. Deleting or inactivating a gene: Scientists can use techniques such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) to delete or inactivate specific genes in an organism. For example, scientists can delete a gene that causes a plant to produce a toxic substance, making the plant safe for human consumption.

3. Modifying the expression of a gene: Scientists can also use techniques such as RNA interference (RNAi) to modify the expression of a gene, rather than deleting or inserting it. For example, scientists can use RNAi to turn off the expression of a gene that causes a plant to produce a toxic substance, making the plant safe for human consumption.

GMOs have the potential to address a number of important issues, such as food security, environmental sustainability, and human health. However, the use of GMOs is controversial, and there are ongoing debates about their safety, environmental impacts, and societal implications.